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      • Baker Island Lighthouse, Maine
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      • Browns Head Lighthouse, Vinalhaven, Maine
      • Burnt Coat Harbor Lighthouse, Swans Island, Maine
      • Burnt Island Lighthouse, Maine
      • Cape Elizabeth Light, Maine
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      • Curtis Island Light, Maine
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      • Eagle Island Light, Maine
      • Egg Rock Lighthouse, Maine
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      • Franklin Island Light, Maine
      • Goat Island Lighthouse, Maine
      • Goose Rocks Lighthouse, Maine
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      • Hendricks Head Lighthouse, Maine
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      • Indian Island Light, Maine
      • Kennebec River Range Lights, Maine
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      • Monhegan Island Lighthouse, Maine
      • Moose Peak Lighthouse, Maine
      • Mount Desert Rock Lighthouse, Maine
      • Narraguagus Island Light, Maine
      • Nash Island Light, Maine
      • Owls Head Lighthouse, Maine
      • Pemaquid Point Lighthouse, Maine
      • Perkins Island Lighthouse, Maine
      • Petit Manan Lighthouse, Maine
      • Pond Island Light, Maine
      • Popham Beach Life Saving Station
      • Portland Breakwater Lighthouse, Maine
      • Portland Head Lighthouse, Maine
      • Prospect Harbor Lighthouse, Maine
      • Pumpkin Island Lighthouse, Maine
      • Ram Island Ledge Light, Maine
      • Ram Island Lighthouse, Maine
      • Robinson Point Lighthouse on Isle Au Haut, Maine
      • Rockland Breakwater Lighthouse, Maine
      • Rockland Harbor Southwest Light, Maine
      • Saddleback Ledge Light, Maine
      • Seguin Island Lighthouse, Maine
      • Southern Island Light, Maine
      • Spring Point Ledge Lighthouse, Maine
      • Squirrel Point Lighthouse, Maine
      • Two Bush Island Lighthouse, Maine
      • West Quoddy Head Lighthouse, Maine
      • Whaleback Light, Maine
      • Whitehead Island Lighthouse, Maine
      • Winter Harbor Lighthouse, Maine
      • Wood Island Lighthouse, Maine
    • California Lighthouses
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      • Battery Point Lighthouse, California
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      • Point Arena Light, California
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      • Santa Cruz Light, California
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    • Connecticut Lighthouses
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      • Five Mile Point Light, Connecticut
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      • Latimer Reef Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • Lynde Point Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • Morgan Point Lighthouse, Connectitcut
      • Mystic Seaport Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • New London Harbor Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • New London Ledge Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • Penfield Reef Lighthouse
      • Race Rock Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • Saybrook Breakwater Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • Sheffield Island Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • Stamford Harbor Lighthouse
      • Stonington Harbor Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • Stratford Point Lighthouse, Connecticut
      • Stratford Shoal Lighthouse
      • Tongue Point Lighthouse
    • Delaware Lighthouses
      • Harbor of Refuge Light, Delaware
      • Delaware Breakwater Lighthouse, Delaware
      • Fenwick Island Lighthouse
      • Liston Rear Range Light
      • Overfalls Lightship, Delaware
      • Mispillion Lighthouse, Delaware
      • Reedy Island Rear Range Light
      • Marcus Hook Rear Range Light
    • Florida Lighthouses
      • Amelia Island Lighthouse, Florida
      • American Shoal Lighthouse, Florida
      • Cape Canaveral Light, Florida
      • Cape Florida Lighthouse, Florida
      • Crooked River Lighthouse
      • Faro Blanco Light, Florida
      • Garden Key Lighthouse, Florida
      • Gasparilla Island Lights, Florida
      • Hillsboro Inlet Lighthouse, Florida
      • Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse
      • Key West Lighthouse, Florida
      • Loggerhead Key Lighthouse, Florida
      • Pensacola Lighthouse
      • Ponce Inlet Lighthouse, Florida
      • Sand Key Lighthouse, Florida
      • Sanibel Island Lighthouse, Florida
      • St. Augustine Lighthouse, Florida
      • St. John's River Lighthouse, Florida
      • St. Marks Lighthouse, Florida
      • Sombrero Key Lighthouse
    • Georgia Lighthouses
      • St. Simons Island Lighthouse, Georgia
      • Tybee Island Lighthouse, Georgia
    • Hawai'i Lighthouses
      • Diamond Head Lighthouse, O'ahu, Hawai'i
      • Kilauea Point Lighthouse, Kaua'i, Hawai'i
      • Lahaina Harbor Lighthouse, Mau'i, Hawai'i
      • Makapu'u Light, Oahu, Hawai'i
      • Moloka'i Lighthouse, Moloka'i, Hawai'i
    • Illinois Lighthouses
      • Grosse Point Light, Illinois
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    • Louisiana Lighthouses
      • New Canal Lighthouse, Louisiana
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      • Cove Point Light, Maryland
      • Choptank River Lighthouse
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      • Fishing Battery Light, Maryland
      • Hooper Strait Lighthouse, Maryland
      • Piney Point Light, Maryland
      • Point Lookout Lighthouse, Maryland
      • Sandy Point Light, Maryland
      • Seven Foot Knoll Lighthouse, Maryland
      • Thomas Point Shoal Lighthouse, Maryland
      • Turkey Point Lighthouse, Maryland
    • Massachusetts Lighthouses
      • Annisquam Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Baker's Island Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Bass River Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Bird Island Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Brant Point Lighthouse, Nantucket
      • Butler Flats Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Boston Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Cape Poge Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Chatham Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Clark's Point Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Cleveland Ledge Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Deer Island Light, Massachusetts
      • Derby Wharf Light, Massachusetts
      • Dog Bar Breakwater Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Duxbury Pier Light, Massachusetts
      • East Chop Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Eastern Point Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Edgartown Harbor Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Gay Head Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Graves Light, Massachusetts
      • Great Point Lighthouse, Nantucket, Massachusetts
      • Highland Lighthouse, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
      • Hospital Point Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Lewis Bay Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Marblehead Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Mayo's Beach Lighthouse
      • Minots Ledge Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Monomoy Point Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Nantucket Lightship, Massachusetts
      • Nauset Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Ned's Point Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Newburyport Harbor Range Lights, Massachusetts
      • Nobska Point Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Palmer Island Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Plum Island Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Plymouth Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Race Point Lighthouse, Cape Cod Massachusetts
      • Sandy Neck Lighthouse
      • Sankaty Head Lighthouse
      • Scituate Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Stage Harbor Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Straitsmouth Island Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Tarpaulin Cove Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Ten Pound Island Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Thacher Island Twin Lights, Massachusetts
      • Three Sisters of Nauset Lighthouses, Massachusetts
      • West Chop Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Wings Neck Lighthouse, Massachusetts
      • Winter Island Lighthouse
      • Brant Point Lighthouse, Nantucket MA
    • New Hampshire Lighthouses
      • Isles of Shoals Light, New Hampshire
      • Portsmouth Harbor Light, New Hampshire
    • New Jersey Lighthouses
      • Absecon Lighthouse, New Jersey
      • Barnegat Lighthouse, New Jersey
      • Brandywine Shoal Light, New Jersey
      • Cape May Lighthouse, New Jersey
      • Chapel Hill Rear Range Light, New Jersey
      • Conover Beacon Front Range Light, New Jersey
      • East Point Lighthouse, New Jersey
      • Finns Point Lighthouse
      • Fourteen Foot Bank Light, New Jersey
      • Hereford Inlet Lighthouse, North Wildwood, New Jersey
      • Miah Maull Shoal Light, New Jersey
      • Sandy Hook Lighthouse, New Jersey
      • Sea Girt Lighthouse, New Jersey
      • Ship John Shoal Light, New Jersey
      • Twin Lights of Navesink, New Jersey
      • Tinicum Rear Range Lighthouse, New Jersey
    • New York Lighthouses
      • Ambrose Lightship, New York
      • Big Sodus Light, New York
      • Blackswell Island Light, New York
      • Buffalo Main Lighthouse, New York
      • Cape Vincent Breakwater Lighthouse, New York
      • Clayton Memorial Lighthouse, New Yrok
      • Coney Island Lighthouse, New York
      • Crossover Island Lighthouse, New York
      • Dunkirk Light, New York
      • Esopus Meadows Lighthouse, New York
      • Execution Rocks Lighthouse, New York
      • Fire Island Lighthouse, New York
      • Horton Point Light, New York
      • Montauk Point Lighthouse, New York
      • Ogdensburg Harbor Lighthouse, New York
      • Old Field Point Lighthouse, New York
      • Rock Island Lighthouse, New York
      • Rondout Creek Lighthouse, New York
      • Saugerties Lighthouse, New York
      • Selkirk Lighthouse, New York
      • Sister Islands Lighthouse, New York
      • Staten Island Light, New York
      • Stepping Stones Lighthouse
      • Stony Point Lighthouse, New York
      • Sunken Rock Lighthouse, New York
      • Tarrytown Lighthouse, New York
      • Tibbetts Point Lighthouse, New York
    • North Carolina Lighthouses
      • Bodie Island Light, North Carolina
      • Ocracoke Light, North Carolina
      • Cape Hatteras Light, North Carolina
    • Ohio Lighthouses
      • Fairport Harbor Light, Ohio
      • Fairport Harbor West Breakwater Light, Ohio
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      • Cape Meares Light, Oregon
      • Cleft of the Rock Light, Oregon
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      • Presque Isle Lighthouse, Pennsylvania
      • Presque Isle North Pierhead Light, Pennsylvania
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      • Beavertail Lighthouse, Rhode Island
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    • Lighthouse Trips
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Garden Key Lighthouse, Florida

The Dry Tortugas is a group of islands and reefs at the end of the Florida Keys approximately 70 miles west of Key West. The islands mark the entrance from the Gulf of Mexico into the Florida Straits and an area of treacherous navigation. The position of the islands has made them extremely important to shipping to the west coast of Florida and the Mississippi River.
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Delays continued however as the new Keeper assigned to the light did not arrive from Maryland until July 1826.  John R. Flaherty and his family had negotiated to have 3 months of pay advanced and a Navy cutter to ferry all of his belongings to his new post, but the ship could not carry all of his provisions.  Flaherty finally lighted the lamps of the Garden Key Lighthouse for the first time on July 4, 1826.
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Delays continued however as the new Keeper assigned to the light did not arrive from Maryland until July 1826. John R. Flaherty and his family had negotiated to have 3 months of pay advanced and a Navy cutter to ferry all of his belongings to his new post, but the ship could not carry all of his provisions. Flaherty finally lighted the lamps of the Garden Key Lighthouse for the first time on July 4, 1826.

  • The islands were first visited by Ponce de Leon in June 1513. He named the islands Las Tortugas due to the large number of sea turtles his crew harvested. In later years sailors referred to the area as the Dry Tortugas since there was no source of fresh water in the islands.
  • The need for navigational aids in the Tortugas was recognized early.  During British rule in the late 1700’s surveyor George Gauld mapped and named the island group.  In 1773 a plan was submitted to the Crown to have two 260 foot wooden towers built to mark the ends of the Florida Keys, but no action was taken.
  • After the United States purchased Florida from Spain in 1819 the Navy sent a force to survey and report on the Florida Keys in March 1822.  Recommendations were made to build lighthouses at Cape Florida, Sambo Keys (later built at Key West) and the Dry Tortugas.  Congress appropriated funds to begin construction in May of 1824.
  • Samuel B. Lincoln of Boston was awarded the contract to build the lighthouse in the Dry Tortugas.    Lincoln set sail with the necessary materials to build the lighthouse in August 1824, but his ship was lost at sea and never heard from again.  Another ship set sail from Boston in December 1824, but construction work was delayed due to illness of the workers until later in 1825.
  • The site selected for the lighthouse was on Garden Key near the center of the Dry Tortugas group.  The island offered a deep water harbor on its northern side.  Finally in March 1826 a 70 foot conical brick tower was completed.  The lantern housed 23 oil lamps with 14 inch reflectors.
  • Delays continued however as the new Keeper assigned to the light did not arrive from Maryland until July 1826.  John R. Flaherty and his family had negotiated to have 3 months of pay advanced and a Navy cutter to ferry all of his belongings to his new post, but the ship could not carry all of his provisions.  Flaherty finally lighted the lamps of the Garden Key Lighthouse for the first time on July 4, 1826.
  • Flaherty’s tenure at the Garden Key Lighthouse was filled with controversy.  A visit from a Revenue Cutter found the lamps and glass dirty with soot causing the Key West tax collector to launch an investigation.
  • **Ladder to the lantern** Flaherty complained of poor provisions, mosquitoes (which led to a nearby pond being filled in) and the condition of the dwelling.  In addition, Rebecca Flaherty wrote to the wife to President John Quincy Adams complaining of the hard conditions on Garden Key.
  • After numerous complaints about the light Flaherty swapped lighthouse assignments with Joseph Himinez, the Keeper of the Sand Key Light, in January 1827.  However, complaints about the quality of the light from ship captains continued unabated.
  • In 1834 inspectors found that the lantern windows were opaque and the tower in disrepair.  The lantern glass and 13 of the 15 reflectors were replaced.  After the wreck of the ship ‘America’ in 1838 once again new plate glass and 21 new lamps were installed.
  • The U.S. military realized the importance of the Dry Tortugas as the key to controlling navigation into the Gulf of Mexico.  The Army drew up plans to begin building a fort on Garden Key; however they were surprised to find a lighthouse in the middle of their planned parade grounds.  The Treasury Dept. had neglected to obtain title to the land their lighthouse stood upon.  An agreement was reached to have the fort built around the lighthouse
  • Work on Fort Jefferson began in 1846.  It would become the largest brick structure in the Western hemisphere, a six sided fort with walls fifty feet high and eight feet thick, with plans for 450 guns and 1,500 men.  Although construction of the fort continued for 30 years, it was never completed.
  • During the 1860’s the fort became military prison housing up to 900 Civil War prisoners.  Dr. Samuel Mudd who was found guilty of conspiracy in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was sent to Fort Jefferson to serve his sentence in 1865.  During a yellow fever outbreak at the fort in 1867 Mudd was praised for his treatment of the sick and in 1869 he received a pardon for his crimes.
  • In 1851 the Lighthouse Board addressed the rising amount of traffic in the Gulf by making plans to build a taller light on Loggerhead Key 3 miles to the west of Garden Key.  Upon the completion of the Loggerhead Key Light in 1858 the Garden Key Light was downgraded to a harbor light and a Fourth Order Fresnel lens was installed.
  • A hurricane in October 1873 damaged both the Garden Key and Loggerhead Key Lighthouses. The Army abandoned Fort Jefferson in early 1874.  In March 1875 Congress appropriated $5,000 to replace the old light with a new tower to be built atop the fort walls.
  • The new Garden Key Light was designed as a hexagonal boilerplate iron tower.  Iron was chosen so if the lighthouse were to be struck by enemy bombardment, it would not result in brick fragments raining down on men in the fort.
  • Work on the new tower began in February 1876.  The lens was taken from the 1826 tower in April and moved to the new lantern room.  Eventually the old stone tower was razed in 1877.  A new Keepers dwelling was built in 1888.
  • Foundation of the 1826 Garden Key Lighthouse
  • **Remnants of the old wharf and buoy station** A buoy depot was established on Garden Key in 1889.  A new wharf and several buildings were erected outside the forts walls.  A red sector was added to the Garden Key lantern in April 1893 to warn of a dangerous section of the reef.
  • In 1908 the Dry Tortugas were declared a nature sanctuary by the U.S. government.  A fire broke out on Garden Key in 1912 which destroyed the Keepers dwelling and several of the soldier’s barracks.  It was believed that the Keeper, who used the outhouse around midnight, had left a lit cigarette behind sparking the fire. The following year an automated acetylene light was installed in the lantern.
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